Learn. Prevent. Empower.
Heart Attack
Learning outcomes:
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To understand what a heart attack is, including its causes, symptoms, and risk factors
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To learn how to recognize signs of a heart attack and assist a casualty using prescribed medication (GTN)
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To know when to call for emergency help and how to monitor the casualty for signs of deterioration
Learning content:
What is a Heart Attack?
A heart attack (also called myocardial infarction) occurs when the blood flow to part of the heart is blocked, usually by a blood clot. Without oxygen, the heart muscle starts to die.
A cardiac arrest, on the other hand, is when the heart suddenly stops beating altogether, often due to an electrical problem. This causes the person to collapse, stop breathing, and lose consciousness immediately.
Common Signs & Symptoms
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Chest pain or discomfort – tightness, pressure, squeezing, or aching
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Pain spreading to arms, neck, jaw, back, or stomach
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Shortness of breath
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Past medical history of coronary heart disease, hypertension,...
What To Do (If You Suspect a Heart Attack)
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Call emergency services immediately
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Sit the person down, keep them calm and rested
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If needed, administer GTN (glyceryl trinitrate)
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Check for 5 rights:
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People: The medication belongs to the casualty
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Medication: The medication is GTN (Glyceryl Trinitrate)
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Dosage: The dosage is 1-2 tablets as per prescription
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Time: It is the right time to administer the medication as the casualty is showing signs and symptoms of a heart attack
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Route: Sublingual route (under the tongue).
5. Ask the casualty to place the GTN under his/her tongue and not to swallow it.
6. Monitor vitals constantly. The casualty is highly likely to deteriorate so observe casualty closely.
