Shock

Learning outcomes:

• Understand what shock is and why it is life-threatening

• Identify different types of shock and their causes (e.g. hypovolemic, cardiogenic, anaphylactic)

• Recognise common signs and symptoms of shock

• Perform first aid for a person in shock, including correct positioning and monitoring

• Take steps to prevent shock by treating the underlying cause early and calling for emergency help promptly

Learning content:

What is shock?

Shock is life threatening condition where the circulatory system fails to supply enough oxygenated blood to vital organs. If left untreated, it can lead to organ failure and death.

Causes of shock

1. Hypovolemic shock- severe blood or fluid loss (could be due to internal bleeding as well)

2. Cardiogenic shock- heart problems 

3. Anaphylactic shock- severe allergic reaction

4. Septic shock- severe infection spreading throughout body

5. Neurogenic shock- damage to nervous systems

Signs and symptoms

• Weak and rapid pulse (or tachycardia rapid pulse initially)

• Cold clammy skin

• Fatigue and anxiety

• Event history (based on causes of shock)

What to do

• Call for emergency help immediately

• Lay the casualty down and elevate their legs if possible (unless fractures/spinal injuries are suspected)

• Keep them warm by covering them with a blanket

• Loosen tight clothing 

• Do not provide them with food or drink since they are most likely confused.

• Monitor their vitals closely

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To prevent shock, identify and treat the underlying cause promptly, and call for emergency help as early as possible.