Learn. Prevent. Empower.
Fractures
Learning Outcomes:
-
Immobilize a fracture by supporting the joints above and below it, using slings for arms or the uninjured leg as a splint
-
Manage an open fracture by applying firm pressure around the wound (not on the bone) and covering it with a sterile dressing
-
Monitor for and treat shock, and check for signs of circulation or nerve damage (like numbness or paleness) after immobilization
Lesson Content:
What is a Fracture?
A fracture is a broken or cracked bone caused by trauma, falls, direct blows, or accidents. Some fractures are closed (skin intact), while others are open (bone pierces the skin).
Causes
-
Falls from a height
-
Direct impact or blow
-
Twisting injuries
-
Accidents such as road collisions
Types of Fractures
-
Closed fracture: bone broken but skin not pierced
-
Open fracture: bone breaks through the skin, higher risk of infection
Signs and Symptoms
-
Pain and tenderness over the injured area
-
Swelling and bruising
-
Deformity or unusual angle of the limb
-
Difficulty moving or using the affected part
-
Bone protruding through the skin (open fracture)
Dangers
-
Severe bleeding (especially in open fractures)
-
Damage to nerves or blood vessels
-
Infection in open fractures
-
Shock from pain or blood loss
Actions to take
-
Call for emergency help
-
Look for signs of severe bleeding, shock, or open wounds
-
Immobilize the fracture
-
Support the injured limb in the position you found it
-
Do not try to straighten or move the bone back into place
-
Control bleeding
-
Use immobilisation techniques and slings to help
-
-
Reassure casualty and support injured area
-
Monitor vital signs
What NOT to Do
-
Do not move the casualty unnecessarily
-
Do not try to push a bone back in
-
Do not give food or drink in case surgery is needed
Prevention Tips
-
Use protective gear during sports and work
-
Keep floors and walkways clear to prevent falls
-
Strengthen bones with a healthy diet and regular exercise
